A burette (also buret) is a laboratory equipment used in analytical chemistry for the dispensing of variable amount of a chemical solution and measuring that amount at the same time. It is a long, graduated glass tube, with a stopcock at its lower end and a tapered capillary tube at the stopcock's outlet. The flow of liquid from the tube to the burette tip is controlled by the stopcock valve. There are two main types of burette; the volumetric burette and the Piston burette or Digital burette.
A volumetric burette delivers measured volumes of liquid. Piston burettes are similar to syringes, but with a precision bore and a plunger. Piston burettes may be manually operated or may be motorized. A weight burette delivers measured weights of liquid.
Video Burette
Overview
A burette is a volumetric measuring glassware which is used in analytical chemistry for accurate dispensing of variable, and for measuring the volume of a liquid, especially of one of the reagents in a titration. In a titration of an acid and base solution, the burette can be filled with acid. By turning the tap in a perpendicular direction, the tap can be opened, which then allows the acid in the tube to be able to be added in a stream or drop by drop into a flask. The experiment is taken out by gradually filling a liquid samples. Titrant or titrated solution is a good example. Burette support the process by its long narrow tubed with a stopcock at the taper end. The addition will halt when there the correspondence point is set up.
Burettes can perform titrations precisely for delivering a volumetric measurement of a fluid. The burette tube carries graduated marks from which the dispensed volume of the liquid can be determined. Compared to pipette, greater precision can be attained by using a burette.
The burette is used to measure a volume of a substance in a specific amount, but different from measuring cylinder as its graduations measure from top to bottom. Therefore, the difference between the starting and the final volume is equal to the amount dispensed. The precision and control of the burette over other means of adding solution is beneficial for using in titration in order to add titrant to the titrated solution.
Maps Burette
Volumetric Burette
Volumetric burette can be glass or plastic stright tube with a graduation scale. At the tip of burette, there are a stopcock and valve to control the flow of the chemical solution. The barrel of the stopcock can be made of glass or the plastic PTFE. Stopcocks with glass barrels need to be lubricated with vaseline or a specialized grease. Burettes are manufactured for specific tolerances, designated as class A or B and this also is etched on the glass.
Burette reading
The amount of solution added in or drained out needed to be read correctly by observing at eye level straight to the bottom of "Meniscus" for most solutions. Before reading the data, the bubbles must all been removed from the Burette otherwise the data will be inaccurately measured. Also, reading the data at the eye level means looking straight at the bottom of the meniscus. The initial and final volumes collected will be calculated for the difference in volume which equal to the total volume of solution drained out of the Burette. The difference in volume can be calculated by taking the difference of final volume and initial volume Using the Burette with a colorless solution is sometimes difficult to observe the bottom of the meniscus so Black Strip Technique can help to accurately observe and measure the number on the scale. Moreover, the number should be reported in two decimal places, which can be done more easily by using the Black strip Technique. The black strip can be written with pen on the normal white paper or it can be printed it out. However, it is necessary to use white color paper as the background, in order to make the scale readable.
Specification
Specification or product specification is used as an identification of volumetric burette for example nominal volume, volume unit, error limit, accuracy class of the burette and manufacture's related details. Specification is directly association with the usage of each laboratory equipment including burette. Therefore, it is necessary to be able to understand each of specification in details in order to perform the accurate experiment. Nominal volume, error and units are the basic knowledge in order to distinguish the amount of solution delivered from the burette in unit of ml or cm3. Another specification for burette is called calibration marked as TD or Ex stand for "Calibration to Deliver". It indicates that this burette is better used to delivery purpose which the amount will be correspond to the volume as specified The accuracy classes of equipment also shown in the specification of burette as well and it includes class A and class B. Class A is more preferred than Class B when volumetric accuracy is important for the accuracy of the experiment with accuracy up to 0.1 percent compared to 0.2 percent in Class B burette.
Digital Burette
Digital burettes are based on a syringe design. The barrel and plunger may be made of glass. With liquids that corrode glass, including solutions of alkali, the barrel and plunger may be made of polyethylene or another resistant plastic material. The barrel is held in a fixed position and the plunger is moved incrementally either by turning a ratcheted wheel by hand, or by means of a step motor. The volume is shown on a digital display. A high-precision syringe may be used to deliver very precise aliquots. Motorized Digital Burettes may be controlled by a computer; for example, a titration may be recorded digitally and then subject to numerical processing to find the titer at an end-point.
History
The first burette was invented in 1845 by the French chemist Étienne Ossian Henry (1798-1873). In 1855, the German chemist Karl Friedrich Mohr (1806-1879) presented an improved version of Henry's burette, having graduations inscribed on the tube of the burette.
The word "burette" was coined in 1824 by the French chemist Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac (1778-1850).
Additional images
References
External links
- Using a Burette from ChemLab at Dartmouth College demonstrating how to use a burette correctly
- Use of the Buret
Source of article : Wikipedia
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